UNOS statistics reveal that in 2004, on average, 19 people a day died in the U.S.
while on the waiting list. As organ transplantation has moved out of the experimental
stage, the number of people with end-stage diseases seeking a transplant has slowly
but steadily increased. The number of donations however, has not increased. Sadly,
this is not because there are not more potential donors. Various estimates are that
anywhere from 60 to 70 percent of potential donations are either refused by the
next-of-kin or are never requested.
These estimates take into account the criteria for brain-dead, heart-beating donors
and other contraindications. Roughly half of the missed donations appear to result
from failure of physicians to either declare brain death in a timely manner, or
their failure to notify their Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) of potential
donors. The Nebraska Medical Center has implemented the Acute Bereavement Services
(ABS) department to avoid this pitfall. This is despite enactment in all 50 states
of "required request" legislation that mandates that all potential donations
be sought. More recently, in October 1999, HCFA released the Final Rule Amendment
which requires all hospitals to notify the OPO of all deaths for review of organ
and tissue donation potential.
There are a variety of proposals to increase the number of donations, for example:
public and professional education, giving people who have declared their support
for donation additional points on the waiting list should they ever need a transplant
themselves (preferred status), changing the structure of donation from a required
opting-into a required opting-out strategy (presumed consent) and requiring all
adults to register their choice of whether they would permit donation in the event
of their death (mandated choice or required response).
In Nebraska, legislative efforts have been made to help promote organ and tissue
donation awareness and education. In May of 1999, LB147 was passed. It allows $1
to be donated to promote organ and tissue donation when paying the drivers license
fee. A new bill in 2003 was passed that would empower the license to be a legal
document instead of requiring family to give consent in donating a loved ones organs.
This would include the family in the donation process but does not leave the decision
up to them. At the time of license renewal, you may indicate whether you wish to
be an organ donor.